Sqlite

2021-07-14 07:07:08 +00:00 · 2021-07-14 07:07:08 +00:00 · 9d4fa9a220
parent bd4bd58612
commit 9d4fa9a220
49 changed files with 1525 additions and 681 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ $RECYCLE.BIN/
 # Conduit
 Rocket.toml
 conduit.toml
 conduit.db
 # Etc.
 **/*.rs.bk
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -6,6 +6,17 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aae1277d39aeec15cb388266ecc24b11c80469deae6067e17a1a7aa9e5c1f234"
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.7.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "43bb833f0bf979d8475d38fbf09ed3b8a55e1885fe93ad3f93239fc6a4f17b98"
 dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.2.2",
 "once_cell",
 "version_check",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
 version = "0.7.15"
@ -238,14 +249,17 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.13.0",
 "bytes",
 "crossbeam",
 "directories",
 "http",
 "image",
 "jsonwebtoken",
 "log",
 "lru-cache",
 "num_cpus",
 "opentelemetry",
 "opentelemetry-jaeger",
 "parking_lot",
 "pretty_env_logger",
 "rand 0.8.3",
 "regex",
@ -254,6 +268,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rocket",
 "rocksdb",
 "ruma",
 "rusqlite",
 "rust-argon2",
 "rustls",
 "rustls-native-certs",
@ -340,10 +355,45 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-epoch"
+name = "crossbeam"
-version = "0.9.3"
+version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2584f639eb95fea8c798496315b297cf81b9b58b6d30ab066a75455333cf4b12"
+checksum = "4ae5588f6b3c3cb05239e90bd110f257254aecd01e4635400391aeae07497845"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "crossbeam-channel",
 "crossbeam-deque",
 "crossbeam-epoch",
 "crossbeam-queue",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
 version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "06ed27e177f16d65f0f0c22a213e17c696ace5dd64b14258b52f9417ccb52db4"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-deque"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94af6efb46fef72616855b036a624cf27ba656ffc9be1b9a3c931cfc7749a9a9"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "crossbeam-epoch",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-epoch"
 version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ec02e091aa634e2c3ada4a392989e7c3116673ef0ac5b72232439094d73b7fd"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "crossbeam-utils",
@ -353,12 +403,21 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-utils"
+name = "crossbeam-queue"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e7e9d99fa91428effe99c5c6d4634cdeba32b8cf784fc428a2a687f61a952c49"
+checksum = "9b10ddc024425c88c2ad148c1b0fd53f4c6d38db9697c9f1588381212fa657c9"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
 version = "0.8.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d82cfc11ce7f2c3faef78d8a684447b40d503d9681acebed6cb728d45940c4db"
 dependencies = [
 "autocfg",
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "lazy_static",
 ]
@ -547,6 +606,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "termcolor",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "fallible-iterator"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4443176a9f2c162692bd3d352d745ef9413eec5782a80d8fd6f8a1ac692a07f7"
 [[package]]
 name = "fallible-streaming-iterator"
 version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7360491ce676a36bf9bb3c56c1aa791658183a54d2744120f27285738d90465a"
 [[package]]
 name = "figment"
 version = "0.10.5"
@ -774,6 +845,24 @@ version = "0.9.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7afe4a420e3fe79967a00898cc1f4db7c8a49a9333a29f8a4bd76a253d5cd04"
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.11.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
 dependencies = [
 "ahash",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "hashlink"
 version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7249a3129cbc1ffccd74857f81464a323a152173cdb134e0fd81bc803b29facf"
 dependencies = [
 "hashbrown 0.11.2",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.3.2"
@ -920,7 +1009,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "824845a0bf897a9042383849b02c1bc219c2383772efcd5c6f9766fa4b81aef3"
 dependencies = [
 "autocfg",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.9.1",
 "serde",
 ]
@ -1083,6 +1172,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "libsqlite3-sys"
 version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "290b64917f8b0cb885d9de0f9959fe1f775d7fa12f1da2db9001c1c8ab60f89d"
 dependencies = [
 "cc",
 "pkg-config",
 "vcpkg",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "linked-hash-map"
 version = "0.5.4"
@ -1484,6 +1584,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "zeroize",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
 version = "0.3.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3831453b3449ceb48b6d9c7ad7c96d5ea673e9b470a1dc578c2ce6521230884c"
 [[package]]
 name = "png"
 version = "0.16.8"
@ -2136,6 +2242,21 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "rusqlite"
 version = "0.25.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "57adcf67c8faaf96f3248c2a7b419a0dbc52ebe36ba83dd57fe83827c1ea4eb3"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
 "fallible-iterator",
 "fallible-streaming-iterator",
 "hashlink",
 "libsqlite3-sys",
 "memchr",
 "smallvec",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "rust-argon2"
 version = "0.8.3"
@ -3007,6 +3128,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "percent-encoding",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "vcpkg"
 version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "025ce40a007e1907e58d5bc1a594def78e5573bb0b1160bc389634e8f12e4faa"
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.3"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -73,11 +73,17 @@ tracing-opentelemetry = "0.11.0"
 opentelemetry-jaeger = "0.11.0"
 pretty_env_logger = "0.4.0"
 lru-cache = "0.1.2"
 rusqlite = { version = "0.25.3", optional = true, features = ["bundled"] }
 parking_lot = { version = "0.11.1", optional = true }
 crossbeam = { version = "0.8.1", optional = true }
 num_cpus = { version = "1.13.0", optional = true }
 [features]
-default = ["conduit_bin", "backend_sled"]
+default = ["conduit_bin", "backend_sqlite"]
 backend_sled = ["sled"]
 backend_rocksdb = ["rocksdb"]
 backend_sqlite = ["sqlite"]
 sqlite = ["rusqlite", "parking_lot", "crossbeam", "num_cpus", "tokio/signal"]
 conduit_bin = [] # TODO: add rocket to this when it is optional
 [[bin]]
--- a/DEPLOY.md
+++ b/DEPLOY.md
@ -114,11 +114,13 @@ allow_federation = true
 trusted_servers = ["matrix.org"]
 #cache_capacity = 1073741824 # in bytes, 1024 * 1024 * 1024
 #max_concurrent_requests = 100 # How many requests Conduit sends to other servers at the same time
 #workers = 4 # default: cpu core count * 2
 address = "127.0.0.1" # This makes sure Conduit can only be reached using the reverse proxy
 # The total amount of memory that the database will use.
 #db_cache_capacity_mb = 200
 ```
 ## Setting the correct file permissions
--- a/conduit-example.toml
+++ b/conduit-example.toml
@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ max_request_size = 20_000_000 # in bytes
 trusted_servers = ["matrix.org"]
 #cache_capacity = 1073741824 # in bytes, 1024 * 1024 * 1024
 #max_concurrent_requests = 100 # How many requests Conduit sends to other servers at the same time
 #log = "info,state_res=warn,rocket=off,_=off,sled=off"
 #workers = 4 # default: cpu core count * 2
@ -43,3 +42,6 @@ trusted_servers = ["matrix.org"]
 address = "127.0.0.1" # This makes sure Conduit can only be reached using the reverse proxy
 proxy = "none" # more examples can be found at src/database/proxy.rs:6
 # The total amount of memory that the database will use.
 #db_cache_capacity_mb = 200
--- a/debian/postinst
+++ b/debian/postinst
@ -73,10 +73,12 @@ max_request_size = 20_000_000 # in bytes
 # Enable jaeger to support monitoring and troubleshooting through jaeger.
 #allow_jaeger = false
 #cache_capacity = 1073741824 # in bytes, 1024 * 1024 * 1024
 #max_concurrent_requests = 100 # How many requests Conduit sends to other servers at the same time
 #log = "info,state_res=warn,rocket=off,_=off,sled=off"
 #workers = 4 # default: cpu core count * 2
 # The total amount of memory that the database will use.
 #db_cache_capacity_mb = 200
 EOF
    fi
    ;;
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ services:
    #         - homeserver
 volumes:
-    db:
+  db:
--- a/src/client_server/account.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/account.rs
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, convert::TryInto, sync::Arc};
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, convert::TryInto};
-use super::{State, DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, SESSION_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
+use super::{DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, SESSION_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
-use crate::{pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use log::info;
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const GUEST_NAME_LENGTH: usize = 10;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_register_available_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_username_availability::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_username_availability::Response> {
    // Validate user id
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub async fn get_register_available_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn register_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<register::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<register::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_registration() && !body.from_appservice {
@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ pub async fn register_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn change_password_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<change_password::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<change_password::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ pub async fn whoami_route(body: Ruma<whoami::Request>) -> ConduitResult<whoami::
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn deactivate_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<deactivate::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<deactivate::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/alias.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/alias.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use regex::Regex;
 use ruma::{
    api::{
@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ use rocket::{delete, get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_alias_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_alias::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_alias::Response> {
    if db.rooms.id_from_alias(&body.room_alias)?.is_some() {
@ -45,7 +42,7 @@ pub async fn create_alias_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_alias_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_alias::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_alias::Response> {
    db.rooms.set_alias(&body.room_alias, None, &db.globals)?;
@ -61,7 +58,7 @@ pub async fn delete_alias_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_alias_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_alias::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_alias::Response> {
    get_alias_helper(&db, &body.room_alias).await
--- a/src/client_server/backup.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/backup.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::{
    error::ErrorKind,
    r0::backup::{
@ -21,7 +18,7 @@ use rocket::{delete, get, post, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_backup_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_backup::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_backup::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ pub async fn create_backup_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn update_backup_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<update_backup::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<update_backup::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -58,7 +55,7 @@ pub async fn update_backup_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_latest_backup_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_latest_backup::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_latest_backup::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -86,7 +83,7 @@ pub async fn get_latest_backup_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_backup_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_backup::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_backup::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -113,7 +110,7 @@ pub async fn get_backup_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_backup_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_backup::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_backup::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ pub async fn delete_backup_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn add_backup_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<add_backup_keys::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<add_backup_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ pub async fn add_backup_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn add_backup_key_sessions_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<add_backup_key_sessions::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<add_backup_key_sessions::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -198,7 +195,7 @@ pub async fn add_backup_key_sessions_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn add_backup_key_session_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<add_backup_key_session::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<add_backup_key_session::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -227,7 +224,7 @@ pub async fn add_backup_key_session_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_backup_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_backup_keys::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_backup_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -243,7 +240,7 @@ pub async fn get_backup_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_backup_key_sessions_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_backup_key_sessions::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_backup_key_sessions::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ pub async fn get_backup_key_sessions_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_backup_key_session_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_backup_key_session::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_backup_key_session::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -283,7 +280,7 @@ pub async fn get_backup_key_session_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_backup_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_backup_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -306,7 +303,7 @@ pub async fn delete_backup_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_backup_key_sessions_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_backup_key_sessions::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_backup_key_sessions::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -329,7 +326,7 @@ pub async fn delete_backup_key_sessions_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_backup_key_session_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_backup_key_session::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_backup_key_session::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/config.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/config.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -25,7 +22,7 @@ use rocket::{get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_global_account_data_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_global_account_data::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_global_account_data::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ pub async fn set_global_account_data_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_room_account_data_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_room_account_data::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_room_account_data::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ pub async fn set_room_account_data_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_global_account_data_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_global_account_data::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_global_account_data::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -119,7 +116,7 @@ pub async fn get_global_account_data_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_room_account_data_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_account_data::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_account_data::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/context.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/context.rs
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::{error::ErrorKind, r0::context::get_context};
-use std::{convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc};
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::get;
@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ use rocket::get;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_context_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_context::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_context::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/device.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/device.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::{
    error::ErrorKind,
    r0::{
@ -20,7 +17,7 @@ use rocket::{delete, get, post, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_devices_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_devices::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_devices::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ pub async fn get_devices_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_device_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_device::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_device::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ pub async fn get_device_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn update_device_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<update_device::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<update_device::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -85,7 +82,7 @@ pub async fn update_device_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_device_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_device::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_device::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -139,7 +136,7 @@ pub async fn delete_device_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_devices_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_devices::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_devices::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/directory.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/directory.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma};
 use log::info;
 use ruma::{
    api::{
@ -35,7 +32,7 @@ use rocket::{get, post, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_public_rooms_filtered::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_public_rooms_filtered::Response> {
    get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ pub async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_public_rooms_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_public_rooms::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_public_rooms::Response> {
    let response = get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ pub async fn get_public_rooms_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_room_visibility_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_room_visibility::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_room_visibility::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ pub async fn set_room_visibility_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_room_visibility_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_visibility::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_visibility::Response> {
    Ok(get_room_visibility::Response {
--- a/src/client_server/keys.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/keys.rs
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use super::{State, SESSION_ID_LENGTH};
+use super::SESSION_ID_LENGTH;
-use crate::{utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -14,10 +14,7 @@ use ruma::{
    encryption::UnsignedDeviceInfo,
    DeviceId, DeviceKeyAlgorithm, UserId,
 };
-use std::{
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};
    collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet},
    sync::Arc,
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{get, post};
@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ use rocket::{get, post};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn upload_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<upload_keys::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<upload_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -77,7 +74,7 @@ pub async fn upload_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_keys::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -98,7 +95,7 @@ pub async fn get_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn claim_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<claim_keys::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<claim_keys::Response> {
    let response = claim_keys_helper(&body.one_time_keys, &db)?;
@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ pub async fn claim_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<upload_signing_keys::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<upload_signing_keys::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ pub async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn upload_signatures_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<upload_signatures::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<upload_signatures::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -238,7 +235,7 @@ pub async fn upload_signatures_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_key_changes_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_key_changes::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_key_changes::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/media.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/media.rs
@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{
-use crate::{database::media::FileMeta, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
+    database::media::FileMeta, database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma,
 };
 use ruma::api::client::{
    error::ErrorKind,
    r0::media::{create_content, get_content, get_content_thumbnail, get_media_config},
 };
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{get, post};
 use std::{convert::TryInto, sync::Arc};
 const MXC_LENGTH: usize = 32;
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "conduit_bin", get("/_matrix/media/r0/config"))]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db))]
 pub async fn get_media_config_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_media_config::Response> {
    Ok(get_media_config::Response {
        upload_size: db.globals.max_request_size().into(),
@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub async fn get_media_config_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_content_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_content::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_content::Response> {
    let mxc = format!(
@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ pub async fn create_content_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_content_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_content::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_content::Response> {
    let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", body.server_name, body.media_id);
@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ pub async fn get_content_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_content_thumbnail::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_content_thumbnail::Response> {
    let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", body.server_name, body.media_id);
--- a/src/client_server/membership.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/membership.rs
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::State;
 use crate::{
    client_server,
    database::DatabaseGuard,
    pdu::{PduBuilder, PduEvent},
    server_server, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma,
 };
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use rocket::{get, post};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn join_room_by_id_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<join_room_by_id::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<join_room_by_id::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -65,14 +65,18 @@ pub async fn join_room_by_id_route(
    servers.insert(body.room_id.server_name().to_owned());
-    join_room_by_id_helper(
+    let ret = join_room_by_id_helper(
        &db,
        body.sender_user.as_ref(),
        &body.room_id,
        &servers,
        body.third_party_signed.as_ref(),
    )
-    .await
+    .await;
    db.flush().await?;
    ret
 }
 #[cfg_attr(
@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ pub async fn join_room_by_id_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn join_room_by_id_or_alias_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<join_room_by_id_or_alias::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<join_room_by_id_or_alias::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ pub async fn join_room_by_id_or_alias_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn leave_room_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<leave_room::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<leave_room::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ pub async fn leave_room_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn invite_user_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<invite_user::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<invite_user::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ pub async fn invite_user_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn kick_user_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<kick_user::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<kick_user::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ pub async fn kick_user_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn ban_user_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<ban_user::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<ban_user::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -281,7 +285,7 @@ pub async fn ban_user_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn unban_user_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<unban_user::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<unban_user::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ pub async fn unban_user_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn forget_room_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<forget_room::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<forget_room::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -348,7 +352,7 @@ pub async fn forget_room_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn joined_rooms_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<joined_rooms::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<joined_rooms::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -369,7 +373,7 @@ pub async fn joined_rooms_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_member_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_member_events::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_member_events::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -399,7 +403,7 @@ pub async fn get_member_events_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn joined_members_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<joined_members::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<joined_members::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/message.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/message.rs
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use crate::{pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -11,7 +10,6 @@ use ruma::{
 use std::{
    collections::BTreeMap,
    convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
    sync::Arc,
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ use rocket::{get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn send_message_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<send_message_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<send_message_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ pub async fn send_message_event_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_message_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_message_events::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_message_events::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/mod.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/mod.rs
@ -64,9 +64,7 @@ pub use voip::*;
 use super::State;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use {
-    crate::ConduitResult,
+    crate::ConduitResult, rocket::options, ruma::api::client::r0::to_device::send_event_to_device,
    rocket::{options, State},
    ruma::api::client::r0::to_device::send_event_to_device,
 };
 pub const DEVICE_ID_LENGTH: usize = 10;
--- a/src/client_server/presence.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/presence.rs
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Ruma};
 use crate::{utils, ConduitResult, Database, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::r0::presence::{get_presence, set_presence};
-use std::{convert::TryInto, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{convert::TryInto, time::Duration};
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{get, put};
@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ use rocket::{get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_presence_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_presence::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_presence::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ pub async fn set_presence_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_presence_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_presence::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_presence::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/profile.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/profile.rs
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use crate::{pdu::PduBuilder, utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -10,10 +9,10 @@ use ruma::{
    events::EventType,
    serde::Raw,
 };
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{get, put};
 use std::{convert::TryInto, sync::Arc};
 #[cfg_attr(
    feature = "conduit_bin",
@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ use std::{convert::TryInto, sync::Arc};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_displayname_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_display_name::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_display_name::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ pub async fn set_displayname_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_displayname_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_display_name::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_display_name::Response> {
    Ok(get_display_name::Response {
@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ pub async fn get_displayname_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_avatar_url_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_avatar_url::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_avatar_url::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ pub async fn set_avatar_url_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_avatar_url_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_avatar_url::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_avatar_url::Response> {
    Ok(get_avatar_url::Response {
@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ pub async fn get_avatar_url_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_profile_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_profile::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_profile::Response> {
    if !db.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
--- a/src/client_server/push.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/push.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ use rocket::{delete, get, post, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_pushrules_all_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_pushrules_all::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_pushrules_all::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -49,7 +46,7 @@ pub async fn get_pushrules_all_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_pushrule_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_pushrule::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_pushrule::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ pub async fn get_pushrule_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, req))]
 pub async fn set_pushrule_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    req: Ruma<set_pushrule::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_pushrule::Response> {
    let sender_user = req.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -206,7 +203,7 @@ pub async fn set_pushrule_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_pushrule_actions_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_pushrule_actions::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_pushrule_actions::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ pub async fn get_pushrule_actions_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_pushrule_actions::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_pushrule_actions::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -339,7 +336,7 @@ pub async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_pushrule_enabled_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_pushrule_enabled::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_pushrule_enabled::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -400,7 +397,7 @@ pub async fn get_pushrule_enabled_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_pushrule_enabled::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_pushrule_enabled::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -479,7 +476,7 @@ pub async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_pushrule_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_pushrule::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_pushrule::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -548,7 +545,7 @@ pub async fn delete_pushrule_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_pushers_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_pushers::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_pushers::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -565,7 +562,7 @@ pub async fn get_pushers_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_pushers_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_pusher::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_pusher::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/read_marker.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/read_marker.rs
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -9,10 +8,10 @@ use ruma::{
    receipt::ReceiptType,
    MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch,
 };
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::post;
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 #[cfg_attr(
    feature = "conduit_bin",
@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn set_read_marker_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<set_read_marker::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<set_read_marker::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ pub async fn set_read_marker_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_receipt_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_receipt::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_receipt::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/redact.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/redact.rs
@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Ruma};
 use crate::{pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Database, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::r0::redact::redact_event,
    events::{room::redaction, EventType},
 };
 use std::sync::Arc;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::put;
@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ use rocket::put;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn redact_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<redact_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<redact_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/room.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/room.rs
@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{
-use crate::{client_server::invite_helper, pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
+    client_server::invite_helper, database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Error,
    Ruma,
 };
 use log::info;
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ use ruma::{
    serde::Raw,
    RoomAliasId, RoomId, RoomVersionId,
 };
-use std::{cmp::max, collections::BTreeMap, convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc};
+use std::{cmp::max, collections::BTreeMap, convert::TryFrom};
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{get, post};
@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ use rocket::{get, post};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_room_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_room::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_room::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -294,7 +296,7 @@ pub async fn create_room_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_room_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ pub async fn get_room_event_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn upgrade_room_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<upgrade_room::Request<'_>>,
    _room_id: String,
 ) -> ConduitResult<upgrade_room::Response> {
--- a/src/client_server/search.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/search.rs
@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::{error::ErrorKind, r0::search::search_events};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::post;
@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn search_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<search_events::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<search_events::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/session.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/session.rs
@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use super::{DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
-
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::{State, DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
 use crate::{utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use log::info;
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ pub async fn get_login_types_route() -> ConduitResult<get_login_types::Response>
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn login_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<login::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<login::Response> {
    // Validate login method
@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ pub async fn login_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn logout_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<logout::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<logout::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ pub async fn logout_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn logout_all_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<logout_all::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<logout_all::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/state.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/state.rs
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{
-
+    database::DatabaseGuard, pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma,
-use super::State;
+};
 use crate::{pdu::PduBuilder, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{
        error::ErrorKind,
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ use rocket::{get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn send_state_event_for_key_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<send_state_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<send_state_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ pub async fn send_state_event_for_key_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn send_state_event_for_empty_key_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<send_state_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<send_state_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ pub async fn send_state_event_for_empty_key_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_state_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_state_events::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_state_events::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ pub async fn get_state_events_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_state_events_for_key_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_state_events_for_key::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ pub async fn get_state_events_for_key_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_state_events_for_empty_key_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_state_events_for_key::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/sync.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/sync.rs
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma, RumaResponse};
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Result, Ruma, RumaResponse};
 use log::error;
 use ruma::{
    api::client::r0::{sync::sync_events, uiaa::UiaaResponse},
@ -35,13 +34,15 @@ use rocket::{get, tokio};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn sync_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<sync_events::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> std::result::Result<RumaResponse<sync_events::Response>, RumaResponse<UiaaResponse>> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
    let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-    let mut rx = match db
+    let arc_db = Arc::new(db);
    let mut rx = match arc_db
        .globals
        .sync_receivers
        .write()
@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ pub async fn sync_events_route(
            let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(None);
            tokio::spawn(sync_helper_wrapper(
-                Arc::clone(&db),
+                Arc::clone(&arc_db),
                sender_user.clone(),
                sender_device.clone(),
                body.since.clone(),
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ pub async fn sync_events_route(
                let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(None);
                tokio::spawn(sync_helper_wrapper(
-                    Arc::clone(&db),
+                    Arc::clone(&arc_db),
                    sender_user.clone(),
                    sender_device.clone(),
                    body.since.clone(),
@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ pub async fn sync_events_route(
 }
 pub async fn sync_helper_wrapper(
-    db: Arc<Database>,
+    db: Arc<DatabaseGuard>,
    sender_user: UserId,
    sender_device: Box<DeviceId>,
    since: Option<String>,
@ -142,11 +143,13 @@ pub async fn sync_helper_wrapper(
        }
    }
    drop(db);
    let _ = tx.send(Some(r.map(|(r, _)| r.into())));
 }
 async fn sync_helper(
-    db: Arc<Database>,
+    db: Arc<DatabaseGuard>,
    sender_user: UserId,
    sender_device: Box<DeviceId>,
    since: Option<String>,
--- a/src/client_server/tag.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/tag.rs
@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-use super::State;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Ruma};
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::r0::tag::{create_tag, delete_tag, get_tags},
    events::EventType,
 };
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use rocket::{delete, get, put};
@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ use rocket::{delete, get, put};
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn update_tag_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_tag::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_tag::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ pub async fn update_tag_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn delete_tag_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<delete_tag::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<delete_tag::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ pub async fn delete_tag_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_tags_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_tags::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_tags::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/to_device.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/to_device.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Error, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Error, Ruma};
 use ruma::{
    api::client::{error::ErrorKind, r0::to_device::send_event_to_device},
    to_device::DeviceIdOrAllDevices,
@ -16,7 +13,7 @@ use rocket::put;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn send_event_to_device_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<send_event_to_device::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<send_event_to_device::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/typing.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/typing.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, utils, ConduitResult, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{utils, ConduitResult, Database, Ruma};
 use create_typing_event::Typing;
 use ruma::api::client::r0::typing::create_typing_event;
@ -14,7 +11,7 @@ use rocket::put;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn create_typing_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_typing_event::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_typing_event::Response> {
    let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
--- a/src/client_server/user_directory.rs
+++ b/src/client_server/user_directory.rs
@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, ConduitResult, Ruma};
 use super::State;
 use crate::{ConduitResult, Database, Ruma};
 use ruma::api::client::r0::user_directory::search_users;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ use rocket::post;
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn search_users_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<search_users::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<search_users::Response> {
    let limit = u64::from(body.limit) as usize;
--- a/src/database.rs
+++ b/src/database.rs
@ -19,16 +19,23 @@ use abstraction::DatabaseEngine;
 use directories::ProjectDirs;
 use log::error;
 use lru_cache::LruCache;
-use rocket::futures::{channel::mpsc, stream::FuturesUnordered, StreamExt};
+use rocket::{
    futures::{channel::mpsc, stream::FuturesUnordered, StreamExt},
    outcome::IntoOutcome,
    request::{FromRequest, Request},
    try_outcome, State,
 };
 use ruma::{DeviceId, ServerName, UserId};
-use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::{de::IgnoredAny, Deserialize};
 use std::{
-    collections::HashMap,
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
    fs::{self, remove_dir_all},
    io::Write,
    ops::Deref,
    path::Path,
    sync::{Arc, RwLock},
 };
-use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
+use tokio::sync::{OwnedRwLockReadGuard, RwLock as TokioRwLock, Semaphore};
 use self::proxy::ProxyConfig;
@ -36,8 +43,16 @@ use self::proxy::ProxyConfig;
 pub struct Config {
    server_name: Box<ServerName>,
    database_path: String,
-    #[serde(default = "default_cache_capacity")]
+    #[serde(default = "default_db_cache_capacity_mb")]
-    cache_capacity: u32,
+    db_cache_capacity_mb: f64,
    #[serde(default = "default_sqlite_read_pool_size")]
    sqlite_read_pool_size: usize,
    #[serde(default = "true_fn")]
    sqlite_wal_clean_timer: bool,
    #[serde(default = "default_sqlite_wal_clean_second_interval")]
    sqlite_wal_clean_second_interval: u32,
    #[serde(default = "default_sqlite_wal_clean_second_timeout")]
    sqlite_wal_clean_second_timeout: u32,
    #[serde(default = "default_max_request_size")]
    max_request_size: u32,
    #[serde(default = "default_max_concurrent_requests")]
@ -57,6 +72,29 @@ pub struct Config {
    trusted_servers: Vec<Box<ServerName>>,
    #[serde(default = "default_log")]
    pub log: String,
    #[serde(flatten)]
    catchall: BTreeMap<String, IgnoredAny>,
 }
 const DEPRECATED_KEYS: &[&str] = &["cache_capacity"];
 impl Config {
    pub fn warn_deprecated(&self) {
        let mut was_deprecated = false;
        for key in self
            .catchall
            .keys()
            .filter(|key| DEPRECATED_KEYS.iter().any(|s| s == key))
        {
            log::warn!("Config parameter {} is deprecated", key);
            was_deprecated = true;
        }
        if was_deprecated {
            log::warn!("Read conduit documentation and check your configuration if any new configuration parameters should be adjusted");
        }
    }
 }
 fn false_fn() -> bool {
@ -67,8 +105,20 @@ fn true_fn() -> bool {
    true
 }
-fn default_cache_capacity() -> u32 {
+fn default_db_cache_capacity_mb() -> f64 {
-    1024 * 1024 * 1024
+    200.0
 }
 fn default_sqlite_read_pool_size() -> usize {
    num_cpus::get().max(1)
 }
 fn default_sqlite_wal_clean_second_interval() -> u32 {
    60 * 60
 }
 fn default_sqlite_wal_clean_second_timeout() -> u32 {
    2
 }
 fn default_max_request_size() -> u32 {
@ -84,12 +134,16 @@ fn default_log() -> String {
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "sled")]
-pub type Engine = abstraction::SledEngine;
+pub type Engine = abstraction::sled::Engine;
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
-pub type Engine = abstraction::RocksDbEngine;
+pub type Engine = abstraction::rocksdb::Engine;
 #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
 pub type Engine = abstraction::sqlite::Engine;
 pub struct Database {
    _db: Arc<Engine>,
    pub globals: globals::Globals,
    pub users: users::Users,
    pub uiaa: uiaa::Uiaa,
@ -117,8 +171,37 @@ impl Database {
        Ok(())
    }
    fn check_sled_or_sqlite_db(config: &Config) -> Result<()> {
        let path = Path::new(&config.database_path);
        #[cfg(feature = "backend_sqlite")]
        {
            let sled_exists = path.join("db").exists();
            let sqlite_exists = path.join("conduit.db").exists();
            if sled_exists {
                if sqlite_exists {
                    // most likely an in-place directory, only warn
                    log::warn!("Both sled and sqlite databases are detected in database directory");
                    log::warn!("Currently running from the sqlite database, but consider removing sled database files to free up space")
                } else {
                    log::error!(
                        "Sled database detected, conduit now uses sqlite for database operations"
                    );
                    log::error!("This database must be converted to sqlite, go to https://github.com/ShadowJonathan/conduit_toolbox#conduit_sled_to_sqlite");
                    return Err(Error::bad_config(
                        "sled database detected, migrate to sqlite",
                    ));
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    /// Load an existing database or create a new one.
-    pub async fn load_or_create(config: Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
+    pub async fn load_or_create(config: Config) -> Result<Arc<TokioRwLock<Self>>> {
        Self::check_sled_or_sqlite_db(&config)?;
        let builder = Engine::open(&config)?;
        if config.max_request_size < 1024 {
@ -128,7 +211,8 @@ impl Database {
        let (admin_sender, admin_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded();
        let (sending_sender, sending_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded();
-        let db = Arc::new(Self {
+        let db = Arc::new(TokioRwLock::from(Self {
            _db: builder.clone(),
            users: users::Users {
                userid_password: builder.open_tree("userid_password")?,
                userid_displayname: builder.open_tree("userid_displayname")?,
@ -231,100 +315,112 @@ impl Database {
            globals: globals::Globals::load(
                builder.open_tree("global")?,
                builder.open_tree("server_signingkeys")?,
-                config,
+                config.clone(),
            )?,
-        });
+        }));
-        // MIGRATIONS
+        {
-        // TODO: database versions of new dbs should probably not be 0
+            let db = db.read().await;
-        if db.globals.database_version()? < 1 {
+            // MIGRATIONS
-            for (roomserverid, _) in db.rooms.roomserverids.iter() {
+            // TODO: database versions of new dbs should probably not be 0
-                let mut parts = roomserverid.split(|&b| b == 0xff);
+            if db.globals.database_version()? < 1 {
-                let room_id = parts.next().expect("split always returns one element");
+                for (roomserverid, _) in db.rooms.roomserverids.iter() {
-                let servername = match parts.next() {
+                    let mut parts = roomserverid.split(|&b| b == 0xff);
-                    Some(s) => s,
+                    let room_id = parts.next().expect("split always returns one element");
-                    None => {
+                    let servername = match parts.next() {
-                        error!("Migration: Invalid roomserverid in db.");
+                        Some(s) => s,
                        None => {
                            error!("Migration: Invalid roomserverid in db.");
                            continue;
                        }
                    };
                    let mut serverroomid = servername.to_vec();
                    serverroomid.push(0xff);
                    serverroomid.extend_from_slice(room_id);
                    db.rooms.serverroomids.insert(&serverroomid, &[])?;
                }
                db.globals.bump_database_version(1)?;
                println!("Migration: 0 -> 1 finished");
            }
            if db.globals.database_version()? < 2 {
                // We accidentally inserted hashed versions of "" into the db instead of just ""
                for (userid, password) in db.users.userid_password.iter() {
                    let password = utils::string_from_bytes(&password);
                    let empty_hashed_password = password.map_or(false, |password| {
                        argon2::verify_encoded(&password, b"").unwrap_or(false)
                    });
                    if empty_hashed_password {
                        db.users.userid_password.insert(&userid, b"")?;
                    }
                }
                db.globals.bump_database_version(2)?;
                println!("Migration: 1 -> 2 finished");
            }
            if db.globals.database_version()? < 3 {
                // Move media to filesystem
                for (key, content) in db.media.mediaid_file.iter() {
                    if content.len() == 0 {
                        continue;
                    }
                };
                let mut serverroomid = servername.to_vec();
                serverroomid.push(0xff);
                serverroomid.extend_from_slice(room_id);
-                db.rooms.serverroomids.insert(&serverroomid, &[])?;
+                    let path = db.globals.get_media_file(&key);
-            }
+                    let mut file = fs::File::create(path)?;
-
+                    file.write_all(&content)?;
-            db.globals.bump_database_version(1)?;
+                    db.media.mediaid_file.insert(&key, &[])?;
            println!("Migration: 0 -> 1 finished");
        }
        if db.globals.database_version()? < 2 {
            // We accidentally inserted hashed versions of "" into the db instead of just ""
            for (userid, password) in db.users.userid_password.iter() {
                let password = utils::string_from_bytes(&password);
                let empty_hashed_password = password.map_or(false, |password| {
                    argon2::verify_encoded(&password, b"").unwrap_or(false)
                });
                if empty_hashed_password {
                    db.users.userid_password.insert(&userid, b"")?;
                }
            }
            db.globals.bump_database_version(2)?;
            println!("Migration: 1 -> 2 finished");
        }
        if db.globals.database_version()? < 3 {
            // Move media to filesystem
            for (key, content) in db.media.mediaid_file.iter() {
                if content.len() == 0 {
                    continue;
                }
-                let path = db.globals.get_media_file(&key);
+                db.globals.bump_database_version(3)?;
-                let mut file = fs::File::create(path)?;
+
-                file.write_all(&content)?;
+                println!("Migration: 2 -> 3 finished");
                db.media.mediaid_file.insert(&key, &[])?;
            }
-            db.globals.bump_database_version(3)?;
+            if db.globals.database_version()? < 4 {
-
+                // Add federated users to db as deactivated
-            println!("Migration: 2 -> 3 finished");
+                for our_user in db.users.iter() {
-        }
+                    let our_user = our_user?;
-
+                    if db.users.is_deactivated(&our_user)? {
-        if db.globals.database_version()? < 4 {
+                        continue;
-            // Add federated users to db as deactivated
+                    }
-            for our_user in db.users.iter() {
+                    for room in db.rooms.rooms_joined(&our_user) {
-                let our_user = our_user?;
+                        for user in db.rooms.room_members(&room?) {
-                if db.users.is_deactivated(&our_user)? {
+                            let user = user?;
-                    continue;
+                            if user.server_name() != db.globals.server_name() {
-                }
+                                println!("Migration: Creating user {}", user);
-                for room in db.rooms.rooms_joined(&our_user) {
+                                db.users.create(&user, None)?;
-                    for user in db.rooms.room_members(&room?) {
+                            }
                        let user = user?;
                        if user.server_name() != db.globals.server_name() {
                            println!("Migration: Creating user {}", user);
                            db.users.create(&user, None)?;
                        }
                    }
                }
                db.globals.bump_database_version(4)?;
                println!("Migration: 3 -> 4 finished");
            }
            db.globals.bump_database_version(4)?;
            println!("Migration: 3 -> 4 finished");
        }
-        // This data is probably outdated
+        let guard = db.read().await;
        db.rooms.edus.presenceid_presence.clear()?;
-        db.admin.start_handler(Arc::clone(&db), admin_receiver);
+        // This data is probably outdated
-        db.sending.start_handler(Arc::clone(&db), sending_receiver);
+        guard.rooms.edus.presenceid_presence.clear()?;
        guard.admin.start_handler(Arc::clone(&db), admin_receiver);
        guard
            .sending
            .start_handler(Arc::clone(&db), sending_receiver);
        drop(guard);
        #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
        Self::start_wal_clean_task(&db, &config).await;
        Ok(db)
    }
@ -413,13 +509,113 @@ impl Database {
                .watch_prefix(&userid_bytes),
        );
        futures.push(Box::pin(self.globals.rotate.watch()));
        // Wait until one of them finds something
        futures.next().await;
    }
    pub async fn flush(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        // noop while we don't use sled 1.0
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
-        //self._db.flush_async().await?;
+
-        Ok(())
+        let res = self._db.flush();
        log::debug!("flush: took {:?}", start.elapsed());
        res
    }
    #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
    pub fn flush_wal(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self._db.flush_wal()
    }
    #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
    pub async fn start_wal_clean_task(lock: &Arc<TokioRwLock<Self>>, config: &Config) {
        use tokio::{
            select,
            signal::unix::{signal, SignalKind},
            time::{interval, timeout},
        };
        use std::{
            sync::Weak,
            time::{Duration, Instant},
        };
        let weak: Weak<TokioRwLock<Database>> = Arc::downgrade(&lock);
        let lock_timeout = Duration::from_secs(config.sqlite_wal_clean_second_timeout as u64);
        let timer_interval = Duration::from_secs(config.sqlite_wal_clean_second_interval as u64);
        let do_timer = config.sqlite_wal_clean_timer;
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut i = interval(timer_interval);
            let mut s = signal(SignalKind::hangup()).unwrap();
            loop {
                select! {
                    _ = i.tick(), if do_timer => {
                        log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Timer ticked")
                    }
                    _ = s.recv() => {
                        log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Received SIGHUP")
                    }
                };
                if let Some(arc) = Weak::upgrade(&weak) {
                    log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Rotating sync helpers...");
                    // This actually creates a very small race condition between firing this and trying to acquire the subsequent write lock.
                    // Though it is not a huge deal if the write lock doesn't "catch", as it'll harmlessly time out.
                    arc.read().await.globals.rotate.fire();
                    log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Locking...");
                    let guard = {
                        if let Ok(guard) = timeout(lock_timeout, arc.write()).await {
                            guard
                        } else {
                            log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Lock failed in timeout, canceled.");
                            continue;
                        }
                    };
                    log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Locked, flushing...");
                    let start = Instant::now();
                    if let Err(e) = guard.flush_wal() {
                        log::error!(target: "wal-trunc", "Errored: {}", e);
                    } else {
                        log::info!(target: "wal-trunc", "Flushed in {:?}", start.elapsed());
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        });
    }
 }
 pub struct DatabaseGuard(OwnedRwLockReadGuard<Database>);
 impl Deref for DatabaseGuard {
    type Target = OwnedRwLockReadGuard<Database>;
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.0
    }
 }
 #[rocket::async_trait]
 impl<'r> FromRequest<'r> for DatabaseGuard {
    type Error = ();
    async fn from_request(req: &'r Request<'_>) -> rocket::request::Outcome<Self, ()> {
        let db = try_outcome!(req.guard::<State<'_, Arc<TokioRwLock<Database>>>>().await);
        Ok(DatabaseGuard(Arc::clone(&db).read_owned().await)).or_forward(())
    }
 }
 impl Into<DatabaseGuard> for OwnedRwLockReadGuard<Database> {
    fn into(self) -> DatabaseGuard {
        DatabaseGuard(self)
    }
 }
--- a/src/database/abstraction.rs
+++ b/src/database/abstraction.rs
@ -1,28 +1,21 @@
 use super::Config;
-use crate::{utils, Result};
+use crate::Result;
-use log::warn;
+
 use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, sync::Arc};
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::RwLock};
+pub mod rocksdb;
 #[cfg(feature = "sled")]
-pub struct SledEngine(sled::Db);
+pub mod sled;
 #[cfg(feature = "sled")]
 pub struct SledEngineTree(sled::Tree);
-#[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
+#[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
-pub struct RocksDbEngine(rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>);
+pub mod sqlite;
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
 pub struct RocksDbEngineTree<'a> {
    db: Arc<RocksDbEngine>,
    name: &'a str,
    watchers: RwLock<BTreeMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<()>>>>,
 }
 pub trait DatabaseEngine: Sized {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>>;
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &'static str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>>;
    fn flush(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<()>;
 }
 pub trait Tree: Send + Sync {
@ -32,20 +25,20 @@ pub trait Tree: Send + Sync {
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
-    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + Sync + 'a>;
+    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a>;
    fn iter_from<'a>(
        &'a self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
-    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + 'a>;
+    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a>;
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
-    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + 'a>;
+    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a>;
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>>;
@ -57,273 +50,3 @@ pub trait Tree: Send + Sync {
        Ok(())
    }
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "sled")]
 impl DatabaseEngine for SledEngine {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
        Ok(Arc::new(SledEngine(
            sled::Config::default()
                .path(&config.database_path)
                .cache_capacity(config.cache_capacity as u64)
                .use_compression(true)
                .open()?,
        )))
    }
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &'static str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>> {
        Ok(Arc::new(SledEngineTree(self.0.open_tree(name)?)))
    }
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "sled")]
 impl Tree for SledEngineTree {
    fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        Ok(self.0.get(key)?.map(|v| v.to_vec()))
    }
    fn insert(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        self.0.insert(key, value)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        self.0.remove(key)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + Sync + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.0
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|r| {
                    if let Err(e) = &r {
                        warn!("Error: {}", e);
                    }
                    r.ok()
                })
                .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into())),
        )
    }
    fn iter_from(
        &self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)>> {
        let iter = if backwards {
            self.0.range(..from)
        } else {
            self.0.range(from..)
        };
        let iter = iter
            .filter_map(|r| {
                if let Err(e) = &r {
                    warn!("Error: {}", e);
                }
                r.ok()
            })
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into()));
        if backwards {
            Box::new(iter.rev())
        } else {
            Box::new(iter)
        }
    }
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        Ok(self
            .0
            .update_and_fetch(key, utils::increment)
            .map(|o| o.expect("increment always sets a value").to_vec())?)
    }
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + 'a> {
        let iter = self
            .0
            .scan_prefix(prefix)
            .filter_map(|r| {
                if let Err(e) = &r {
                    warn!("Error: {}", e);
                }
                r.ok()
            })
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into()));
        Box::new(iter)
    }
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> {
        let prefix = prefix.to_vec();
        Box::pin(async move {
            self.0.watch_prefix(prefix).await;
        })
    }
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
 impl DatabaseEngine for RocksDbEngine {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
        let mut db_opts = rocksdb::Options::default();
        db_opts.create_if_missing(true);
        db_opts.set_max_open_files(16);
        db_opts.set_compaction_style(rocksdb::DBCompactionStyle::Level);
        db_opts.set_compression_type(rocksdb::DBCompressionType::Snappy);
        db_opts.set_target_file_size_base(256 << 20);
        db_opts.set_write_buffer_size(256 << 20);
        let mut block_based_options = rocksdb::BlockBasedOptions::default();
        block_based_options.set_block_size(512 << 10);
        db_opts.set_block_based_table_factory(&block_based_options);
        let cfs = rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode::<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>::list_cf(
            &db_opts,
            &config.database_path,
        )
        .unwrap_or_default();
        let mut options = rocksdb::Options::default();
        options.set_merge_operator_associative("increment", utils::increment_rocksdb);
        let db = rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode::<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>::open_cf_descriptors(
            &db_opts,
            &config.database_path,
            cfs.iter()
                .map(|name| rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(name, options.clone())),
        )?;
        Ok(Arc::new(RocksDbEngine(db)))
    }
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &'static str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>> {
        let mut options = rocksdb::Options::default();
        options.set_merge_operator_associative("increment", utils::increment_rocksdb);
        // Create if it doesn't exist
        let _ = self.0.create_cf(name, &options);
        Ok(Arc::new(RocksDbEngineTree {
            name,
            db: Arc::clone(self),
            watchers: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
        }))
    }
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
 impl RocksDbEngineTree<'_> {
    fn cf(&self) -> rocksdb::BoundColumnFamily<'_> {
        self.db.0.cf_handle(self.name).unwrap()
    }
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "rocksdb")]
 impl Tree for RocksDbEngineTree<'_> {
    fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        Ok(self.db.0.get_cf(self.cf(), key)?)
    }
    fn insert(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        let watchers = self.watchers.read().unwrap();
        let mut triggered = Vec::new();
        for length in 0..=key.len() {
            if watchers.contains_key(&key[..length]) {
                triggered.push(&key[..length]);
            }
        }
        drop(watchers);
        if !triggered.is_empty() {
            let mut watchers = self.watchers.write().unwrap();
            for prefix in triggered {
                if let Some(txs) = watchers.remove(prefix) {
                    for tx in txs {
                        let _ = tx.send(());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(self.db.0.put_cf(self.cf(), key, value)?)
    }
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(self.db.0.delete_cf(self.cf(), key)?)
    }
    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + Sync + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.db
                .0
                .iterator_cf(self.cf(), rocksdb::IteratorMode::Start),
        )
    }
    fn iter_from<'a>(
        &'a self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + 'a> {
        Box::new(self.db.0.iterator_cf(
            self.cf(),
            rocksdb::IteratorMode::From(
                from,
                if backwards {
                    rocksdb::Direction::Reverse
                } else {
                    rocksdb::Direction::Forward
                },
            ),
        ))
    }
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let stats = rocksdb::perf::get_memory_usage_stats(Some(&[&self.db.0]), None).unwrap();
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_total);
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_unflushed);
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_readers_total);
        dbg!(stats.cache_total);
        // TODO: atomic?
        let old = self.get(key)?;
        let new = utils::increment(old.as_deref()).unwrap();
        self.insert(key, &new)?;
        Ok(new)
    }
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + Send + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.db
                .0
                .iterator_cf(
                    self.cf(),
                    rocksdb::IteratorMode::From(&prefix, rocksdb::Direction::Forward),
                )
                .take_while(move |(k, _)| k.starts_with(&prefix)),
        )
    }
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> {
        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
        self.watchers
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .entry(prefix.to_vec())
            .or_default()
            .push(tx);
        Box::pin(async move {
            // Tx is never destroyed
            rx.await.unwrap();
        })
    }
 }
--- a/src/database/abstraction/rocksdb.rs
+++ b/src/database/abstraction/rocksdb.rs
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
 use super::super::Config;
 use crate::{utils, Result};
 use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, sync::Arc};
 use super::{DatabaseEngine, Tree};
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::RwLock};
 pub struct Engine(rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>);
 pub struct RocksDbEngineTree<'a> {
    db: Arc<Engine>,
    name: &'a str,
    watchers: RwLock<BTreeMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<()>>>>,
 }
 impl DatabaseEngine for Engine {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
        let mut db_opts = rocksdb::Options::default();
        db_opts.create_if_missing(true);
        db_opts.set_max_open_files(16);
        db_opts.set_compaction_style(rocksdb::DBCompactionStyle::Level);
        db_opts.set_compression_type(rocksdb::DBCompressionType::Snappy);
        db_opts.set_target_file_size_base(256 << 20);
        db_opts.set_write_buffer_size(256 << 20);
        let mut block_based_options = rocksdb::BlockBasedOptions::default();
        block_based_options.set_block_size(512 << 10);
        db_opts.set_block_based_table_factory(&block_based_options);
        let cfs = rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode::<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>::list_cf(
            &db_opts,
            &config.database_path,
        )
        .unwrap_or_default();
        let mut options = rocksdb::Options::default();
        options.set_merge_operator_associative("increment", utils::increment_rocksdb);
        let db = rocksdb::DBWithThreadMode::<rocksdb::MultiThreaded>::open_cf_descriptors(
            &db_opts,
            &config.database_path,
            cfs.iter()
                .map(|name| rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(name, options.clone())),
        )?;
        Ok(Arc::new(Engine(db)))
    }
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &'static str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>> {
        let mut options = rocksdb::Options::default();
        options.set_merge_operator_associative("increment", utils::increment_rocksdb);
        // Create if it doesn't exist
        let _ = self.0.create_cf(name, &options);
        Ok(Arc::new(RocksDbEngineTree {
            name,
            db: Arc::clone(self),
            watchers: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
        }))
    }
 }
 impl RocksDbEngineTree<'_> {
    fn cf(&self) -> rocksdb::BoundColumnFamily<'_> {
        self.db.0.cf_handle(self.name).unwrap()
    }
 }
 impl Tree for RocksDbEngineTree<'_> {
    fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        Ok(self.db.0.get_cf(self.cf(), key)?)
    }
    fn insert(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        let watchers = self.watchers.read().unwrap();
        let mut triggered = Vec::new();
        for length in 0..=key.len() {
            if watchers.contains_key(&key[..length]) {
                triggered.push(&key[..length]);
            }
        }
        drop(watchers);
        if !triggered.is_empty() {
            let mut watchers = self.watchers.write().unwrap();
            for prefix in triggered {
                if let Some(txs) = watchers.remove(prefix) {
                    for tx in txs {
                        let _ = tx.send(());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(self.db.0.put_cf(self.cf(), key, value)?)
    }
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(self.db.0.delete_cf(self.cf(), key)?)
    }
    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + Sync + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.db
                .0
                .iterator_cf(self.cf(), rocksdb::IteratorMode::Start),
        )
    }
    fn iter_from<'a>(
        &'a self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + 'a> {
        Box::new(self.db.0.iterator_cf(
            self.cf(),
            rocksdb::IteratorMode::From(
                from,
                if backwards {
                    rocksdb::Direction::Reverse
                } else {
                    rocksdb::Direction::Forward
                },
            ),
        ))
    }
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let stats = rocksdb::perf::get_memory_usage_stats(Some(&[&self.db.0]), None).unwrap();
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_total);
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_unflushed);
        dbg!(stats.mem_table_readers_total);
        dbg!(stats.cache_total);
        // TODO: atomic?
        let old = self.get(key)?;
        let new = utils::increment(old.as_deref()).unwrap();
        self.insert(key, &new)?;
        Ok(new)
    }
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.db
                .0
                .iterator_cf(
                    self.cf(),
                    rocksdb::IteratorMode::From(&prefix, rocksdb::Direction::Forward),
                )
                .take_while(move |(k, _)| k.starts_with(&prefix)),
        )
    }
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> {
        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
        self.watchers
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .entry(prefix.to_vec())
            .or_default()
            .push(tx);
        Box::pin(async move {
            // Tx is never destroyed
            rx.await.unwrap();
        })
    }
 }
--- a/src/database/abstraction/sled.rs
+++ b/src/database/abstraction/sled.rs
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
 use super::super::Config;
 use crate::{utils, Result};
 use log::warn;
 use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, sync::Arc};
 use super::{DatabaseEngine, Tree};
 pub struct Engine(sled::Db);
 pub struct SledEngineTree(sled::Tree);
 impl DatabaseEngine for Engine {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
        Ok(Arc::new(Engine(
            sled::Config::default()
                .path(&config.database_path)
                .cache_capacity((config.db_cache_capacity_mb * 1024 * 1024) as u64)
                .use_compression(true)
                .open()?,
        )))
    }
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &'static str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>> {
        Ok(Arc::new(SledEngineTree(self.0.open_tree(name)?)))
    }
    fn flush(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(()) // noop
    }
 }
 impl Tree for SledEngineTree {
    fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        Ok(self.0.get(key)?.map(|v| v.to_vec()))
    }
    fn insert(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        self.0.insert(key, value)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        self.0.remove(key)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a> {
        Box::new(
            self.0
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|r| {
                    if let Err(e) = &r {
                        warn!("Error: {}", e);
                    }
                    r.ok()
                })
                .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into())),
        )
    }
    fn iter_from(
        &self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send> {
        let iter = if backwards {
            self.0.range(..from)
        } else {
            self.0.range(from..)
        };
        let iter = iter
            .filter_map(|r| {
                if let Err(e) = &r {
                    warn!("Error: {}", e);
                }
                r.ok()
            })
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into()));
        if backwards {
            Box::new(iter.rev())
        } else {
            Box::new(iter)
        }
    }
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        Ok(self
            .0
            .update_and_fetch(key, utils::increment)
            .map(|o| o.expect("increment always sets a value").to_vec())?)
    }
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> + Send + 'a> {
        let iter = self
            .0
            .scan_prefix(prefix)
            .filter_map(|r| {
                if let Err(e) = &r {
                    warn!("Error: {}", e);
                }
                r.ok()
            })
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_vec().into(), v.to_vec().into()));
        Box::new(iter)
    }
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> {
        let prefix = prefix.to_vec();
        Box::pin(async move {
            self.0.watch_prefix(prefix).await;
        })
    }
 }
--- a/src/database/abstraction/sqlite.rs
+++ b/src/database/abstraction/sqlite.rs
@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
 use std::{
    collections::BTreeMap,
    future::Future,
    ops::Deref,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    pin::Pin,
    sync::Arc,
    thread,
    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 use crate::{database::Config, Result};
 use super::{DatabaseEngine, Tree};
 use log::debug;
 use crossbeam::channel::{bounded, Sender as ChannelSender};
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard, RwLock};
 use rusqlite::{params, Connection, DatabaseName::Main, OptionalExtension};
 use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 // const SQL_CREATE_TABLE: &str =
 //     "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {} {{ \"key\" BLOB PRIMARY KEY, \"value\" BLOB NOT NULL }}";
 // const SQL_SELECT: &str = "SELECT value FROM {} WHERE key = ?";
 // const SQL_INSERT: &str = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO {} (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)";
 // const SQL_DELETE: &str = "DELETE FROM {} WHERE key = ?";
 // const SQL_SELECT_ITER: &str = "SELECT key, value FROM {}";
 // const SQL_SELECT_PREFIX: &str = "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key LIKE ?||'%' ORDER BY key ASC";
 // const SQL_SELECT_ITER_FROM_FORWARDS: &str = "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key >= ? ORDER BY ASC";
 // const SQL_SELECT_ITER_FROM_BACKWARDS: &str =
 //     "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key <= ? ORDER BY DESC";
 struct Pool {
    writer: Mutex<Connection>,
    readers: Vec<Mutex<Connection>>,
    spill_tracker: Arc<()>,
    path: PathBuf,
 }
 pub const MILLI: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1);
 enum HoldingConn<'a> {
    FromGuard(MutexGuard<'a, Connection>),
    FromOwned(Connection, Arc<()>),
 }
 impl<'a> Deref for HoldingConn<'a> {
    type Target = Connection;
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        match self {
            HoldingConn::FromGuard(guard) => guard.deref(),
            HoldingConn::FromOwned(conn, _) => conn,
        }
    }
 }
 impl Pool {
    fn new<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, num_readers: usize, total_cache_size_mb: f64) -> Result<Self> {
        // calculates cache-size per permanent connection
        // 1. convert MB to KiB
        // 2. divide by permanent connections
        // 3. round down to nearest integer
        let cache_size: u32 = ((total_cache_size_mb * 1024.0) / (num_readers + 1) as f64) as u32;
        let writer = Mutex::new(Self::prepare_conn(&path, Some(cache_size))?);
        let mut readers = Vec::new();
        for _ in 0..num_readers {
            readers.push(Mutex::new(Self::prepare_conn(&path, Some(cache_size))?))
        }
        Ok(Self {
            writer,
            readers,
            spill_tracker: Arc::new(()),
            path: path.as_ref().to_path_buf(),
        })
    }
    fn prepare_conn<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, cache_size: Option<u32>) -> Result<Connection> {
        let conn = Connection::open(path)?;
        conn.pragma_update(Some(Main), "journal_mode", &"WAL".to_owned())?;
        // conn.pragma_update(Some(Main), "wal_autocheckpoint", &250)?;
        // conn.pragma_update(Some(Main), "wal_checkpoint", &"FULL".to_owned())?;
        conn.pragma_update(Some(Main), "synchronous", &"OFF".to_owned())?;
        if let Some(cache_kib) = cache_size {
            conn.pragma_update(Some(Main), "cache_size", &(-Into::<i64>::into(cache_kib)))?;
        }
        Ok(conn)
    }
    fn write_lock(&self) -> MutexGuard<'_, Connection> {
        self.writer.lock()
    }
    fn read_lock(&self) -> HoldingConn<'_> {
        for r in &self.readers {
            if let Some(reader) = r.try_lock() {
                return HoldingConn::FromGuard(reader);
            }
        }
        let spill_arc = self.spill_tracker.clone();
        let now_count = Arc::strong_count(&spill_arc) - 1 /* because one is held by the pool */;
        log::warn!("read_lock: all readers locked, creating spillover reader...");
        if now_count > 1 {
            log::warn!("read_lock: now {} spillover readers exist", now_count);
        }
        let spilled = Self::prepare_conn(&self.path, None).unwrap();
        return HoldingConn::FromOwned(spilled, spill_arc);
    }
 }
 pub struct Engine {
    pool: Pool,
 }
 impl DatabaseEngine for Engine {
    fn open(config: &Config) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
        let pool = Pool::new(
            Path::new(&config.database_path).join("conduit.db"),
            config.sqlite_read_pool_size,
            config.db_cache_capacity_mb,
        )?;
        pool.write_lock()
            .execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS _noop (\"key\" INT)", params![])?;
        let arc = Arc::new(Engine { pool });
        Ok(arc)
    }
    fn open_tree(self: &Arc<Self>, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Tree>> {
        self.pool.write_lock().execute(format!("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {} ( \"key\" BLOB PRIMARY KEY, \"value\" BLOB NOT NULL )", name).as_str(), [])?;
        Ok(Arc::new(SqliteTable {
            engine: Arc::clone(self),
            name: name.to_owned(),
            watchers: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
        }))
    }
    fn flush(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<()> {
        self.pool
            .write_lock()
            .execute_batch(
                "
            PRAGMA synchronous=FULL;
            BEGIN;
                DELETE FROM _noop;
                INSERT INTO _noop VALUES (1);
            COMMIT;
            PRAGMA synchronous=OFF;
            ",
            )
            .map_err(Into::into)
    }
 }
 impl Engine {
    pub fn flush_wal(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<()> {
        self.pool
            .write_lock()
            .execute_batch(
                "
            PRAGMA synchronous=FULL; PRAGMA wal_checkpoint=TRUNCATE;
            BEGIN;
                DELETE FROM _noop;
                INSERT INTO _noop VALUES (1);
            COMMIT;
            PRAGMA wal_checkpoint=PASSIVE; PRAGMA synchronous=OFF;
            ",
            )
            .map_err(Into::into)
    }
 }
 pub struct SqliteTable {
    engine: Arc<Engine>,
    name: String,
    watchers: RwLock<BTreeMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<Sender<()>>>>,
 }
 type TupleOfBytes = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>);
 impl SqliteTable {
    fn get_with_guard(&self, guard: &Connection, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        Ok(guard
            .prepare(format!("SELECT value FROM {} WHERE key = ?", self.name).as_str())?
            .query_row([key], |row| row.get(0))
            .optional()?)
    }
    fn insert_with_guard(&self, guard: &Connection, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        guard.execute(
            format!(
                "INSERT INTO {} (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value",
                self.name
            )
            .as_str(),
            [key, value],
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn _iter_from_thread<F>(&self, f: F) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = TupleOfBytes> + Send>
    where
        F: (for<'a> FnOnce(&'a Connection, ChannelSender<TupleOfBytes>)) + Send + 'static,
    {
        let (s, r) = bounded::<TupleOfBytes>(5);
        let engine = self.engine.clone();
        thread::spawn(move || {
            let _ = f(&engine.pool.read_lock(), s);
        });
        Box::new(r.into_iter())
    }
 }
 macro_rules! iter_from_thread {
    ($self:expr, $sql:expr, $param:expr) => {
        $self._iter_from_thread(move |guard, s| {
            let _ = guard
                .prepare($sql)
                .unwrap()
                .query_map($param, |row| Ok((row.get_unwrap(0), row.get_unwrap(1))))
                .unwrap()
                .map(|r| r.unwrap())
                .try_for_each(|bob| s.send(bob));
        })
    };
 }
 impl Tree for SqliteTable {
    fn get(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
        let guard = self.engine.pool.read_lock();
        // let start = Instant::now();
        let val = self.get_with_guard(&guard, key);
        // debug!("get:       took {:?}", start.elapsed());
        // debug!("get key: {:?}", &key)
        val
    }
    fn insert(&self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        let guard = self.engine.pool.write_lock();
        let start = Instant::now();
        self.insert_with_guard(&guard, key, value)?;
        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        if elapsed > MILLI {
            debug!("insert:    took {:012?} : {}", elapsed, &self.name);
        }
        drop(guard);
        let watchers = self.watchers.read();
        let mut triggered = Vec::new();
        for length in 0..=key.len() {
            if watchers.contains_key(&key[..length]) {
                triggered.push(&key[..length]);
            }
        }
        drop(watchers);
        if !triggered.is_empty() {
            let mut watchers = self.watchers.write();
            for prefix in triggered {
                if let Some(txs) = watchers.remove(prefix) {
                    for tx in txs {
                        let _ = tx.send(());
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        Ok(())
    }
    fn remove(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        let guard = self.engine.pool.write_lock();
        let start = Instant::now();
        guard.execute(
            format!("DELETE FROM {} WHERE key = ?", self.name).as_str(),
            [key],
        )?;
        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        if elapsed > MILLI {
            debug!("remove:    took {:012?} : {}", elapsed, &self.name);
        }
        // debug!("remove key: {:?}", &key);
        Ok(())
    }
    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = TupleOfBytes> + Send + 'a> {
        let name = self.name.clone();
        iter_from_thread!(
            self,
            format!("SELECT key, value FROM {}", name).as_str(),
            params![]
        )
    }
    fn iter_from<'a>(
        &'a self,
        from: &[u8],
        backwards: bool,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = TupleOfBytes> + Send + 'a> {
        let name = self.name.clone();
        let from = from.to_vec(); // TODO change interface?
        if backwards {
            iter_from_thread!(
                self,
                format!(
                    "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key <= ? ORDER BY key DESC",
                    name
                )
                .as_str(),
                [from]
            )
        } else {
            iter_from_thread!(
                self,
                format!(
                    "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key >= ? ORDER BY key ASC",
                    name
                )
                .as_str(),
                [from]
            )
        }
    }
    fn increment(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let guard = self.engine.pool.write_lock();
        let start = Instant::now();
        let old = self.get_with_guard(&guard, key)?;
        let new =
            crate::utils::increment(old.as_deref()).expect("utils::increment always returns Some");
        self.insert_with_guard(&guard, key, &new)?;
        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        if elapsed > MILLI {
            debug!("increment: took {:012?} : {}", elapsed, &self.name);
        }
        // debug!("increment key: {:?}", &key);
        Ok(new)
    }
    fn scan_prefix<'a>(
        &'a self,
        prefix: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = TupleOfBytes> + Send + 'a> {
        // let name = self.name.clone();
        // iter_from_thread!(
        //     self,
        //     format!(
        //         "SELECT key, value FROM {} WHERE key BETWEEN ?1 AND ?1 || X'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF' ORDER BY key ASC",
        //         name
        //     )
        //     .as_str(),
        //     [prefix]
        // )
        Box::new(
            self.iter_from(&prefix, false)
                .take_while(move |(key, _)| key.starts_with(&prefix)),
        )
    }
    fn watch_prefix<'a>(&'a self, prefix: &[u8]) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> {
        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
        self.watchers
            .write()
            .entry(prefix.to_vec())
            .or_default()
            .push(tx);
        Box::pin(async move {
            // Tx is never destroyed
            rx.await.unwrap();
        })
    }
    fn clear(&self) -> Result<()> {
        debug!("clear: running");
        self.engine
            .pool
            .write_lock()
            .execute(format!("DELETE FROM {}", self.name).as_str(), [])?;
        debug!("clear: ran");
        Ok(())
    }
 }
 // TODO
 // struct Pool<const NUM_READERS: usize> {
 //     writer: Mutex<Connection>,
 //     readers: [Mutex<Connection>; NUM_READERS],
 // }
 // // then, to pick a reader:
 // for r in &pool.readers {
 //     if let Ok(reader) = r.try_lock() {
 //         // use reader
 //     }
 // }
 // // none unlocked, pick the next reader
 // pool.readers[pool.counter.fetch_add(1, Relaxed) % NUM_READERS].lock()
--- a/src/database/account_data.rs
+++ b/src/database/account_data.rs
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl AccountData {
        room_id: Option<&RoomId>,
        user_id: &UserId,
        kind: &EventType,
-    ) -> Result<Option<(Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)>> {
+    ) -> Result<Option<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>> {
        let mut prefix = room_id
            .map(|r| r.to_string())
            .unwrap_or_default()
--- a/src/database/admin.rs
+++ b/src/database/admin.rs
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use ruma::{
    events::{room::message, EventType},
    UserId,
 };
 use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
 pub enum AdminCommand {
    RegisterAppservice(serde_yaml::Value),
@ -25,20 +26,23 @@ pub struct Admin {
 impl Admin {
    pub fn start_handler(
        &self,
-        db: Arc<Database>,
+        db: Arc<RwLock<Database>>,
        mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<AdminCommand>,
    ) {
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            // TODO: Use futures when we have long admin commands
            //let mut futures = FuturesUnordered::new();
-            let conduit_user = UserId::try_from(format!("@conduit:{}", db.globals.server_name()))
+            let guard = db.read().await;
                .expect("@conduit:server_name is valid");
-            let conduit_room = db
+            let conduit_user =
                UserId::try_from(format!("@conduit:{}", guard.globals.server_name()))
                    .expect("@conduit:server_name is valid");
            let conduit_room = guard
                .rooms
                .id_from_alias(
-                    &format!("#admins:{}", db.globals.server_name())
+                    &format!("#admins:{}", guard.globals.server_name())
                        .try_into()
                        .expect("#admins:server_name is a valid room alias"),
                )
@ -48,48 +52,54 @@ impl Admin {
                warn!("Conduit instance does not have an #admins room. Logging to that room will not work. Restart Conduit after creating a user to fix this.");
            }
-            let send_message = |message: message::MessageEventContent| {
+            drop(guard);
-                if let Some(conduit_room) = &conduit_room {
+
-                    db.rooms
+            let send_message =
-                        .build_and_append_pdu(
+                |message: message::MessageEventContent, guard: RwLockReadGuard<'_, Database>| {
-                            PduBuilder {
+                    if let Some(conduit_room) = &conduit_room {
-                                event_type: EventType::RoomMessage,
+                        guard
-                                content: serde_json::to_value(message)
+                            .rooms
-                                    .expect("event is valid, we just created it"),
+                            .build_and_append_pdu(
-                                unsigned: None,
+                                PduBuilder {
-                                state_key: None,
+                                    event_type: EventType::RoomMessage,
-                                redacts: None,
+                                    content: serde_json::to_value(message)
-                            },
+                                        .expect("event is valid, we just created it"),
-                            &conduit_user,
+                                    unsigned: None,
-                            &conduit_room,
+                                    state_key: None,
-                            &db,
+                                    redacts: None,
-                        )
+                                },
-                        .unwrap();
+                                &conduit_user,
-                }
+                                &conduit_room,
-            };
+                                &guard,
                            )
                            .unwrap();
                    }
                };
            loop {
                tokio::select! {
                    Some(event) = receiver.next() => {
                        let guard = db.read().await;
                        match event {
                            AdminCommand::RegisterAppservice(yaml) => {
-                                db.appservice.register_appservice(yaml).unwrap(); // TODO handle error
+                                guard.appservice.register_appservice(yaml).unwrap(); // TODO handle error
                            }
                            AdminCommand::ListAppservices => {
-                                if let Ok(appservices) = db.appservice.iter_ids().map(|ids| ids.collect::<Vec<_>>()) {
+                                if let Ok(appservices) = guard.appservice.iter_ids().map(|ids| ids.collect::<Vec<_>>()) {
                                    let count = appservices.len();
                                    let output = format!(
                                        "Appservices ({}): {}",
                                        count,
                                        appservices.into_iter().filter_map(|r| r.ok()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
                                    );
-                                    send_message(message::MessageEventContent::text_plain(output));
+                                    send_message(message::MessageEventContent::text_plain(output), guard);
                                } else {
-                                    send_message(message::MessageEventContent::text_plain("Failed to get appservices."));
+                                    send_message(message::MessageEventContent::text_plain("Failed to get appservices."), guard);
                                }
                            }
                            AdminCommand::SendMessage(message) => {
-                                send_message(message);
+                                send_message(message, guard)
                            }
                        }
                    }
--- a/src/database/appservice.rs
+++ b/src/database/appservice.rs
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl Appservice {
            )
    }
-    pub fn iter_ids(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + Send + Sync + '_> {
+    pub fn iter_ids(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + Send + '_> {
        Ok(self.id_appserviceregistrations.iter().map(|(id, _)| {
            utils::string_from_bytes(&id)
                .map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid id bytes in id_appserviceregistrations."))
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl Appservice {
    pub fn iter_all(
        &self,
-    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<(String, serde_yaml::Value)>> + '_ + Send + Sync> {
+    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<(String, serde_yaml::Value)>> + '_ + Send> {
        Ok(self.iter_ids()?.filter_map(|id| id.ok()).map(move |id| {
            Ok((
                id.clone(),
--- a/src/database/globals.rs
+++ b/src/database/globals.rs
@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ use rustls::{ServerCertVerifier, WebPKIVerifier};
 use std::{
    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
    fs,
    future::Future,
    path::PathBuf,
    sync::{Arc, RwLock},
    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
-use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
+use tokio::sync::{broadcast, Semaphore};
 use trust_dns_resolver::TokioAsyncResolver;
 use super::abstraction::Tree;
@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ pub struct Globals {
            ), // since, rx
        >,
    >,
    pub rotate: RotationHandler,
 }
 struct MatrixServerVerifier {
@ -82,6 +84,31 @@ impl ServerCertVerifier for MatrixServerVerifier {
    }
 }
 /// Handles "rotation" of long-polling requests. "Rotation" in this context is similar to "rotation" of log files and the like.
 ///
 /// This is utilized to have sync workers return early and release read locks on the database.
 pub struct RotationHandler(broadcast::Sender<()>, broadcast::Receiver<()>);
 impl RotationHandler {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        let (s, r) = broadcast::channel::<()>(1);
        Self(s, r)
    }
    pub fn watch(&self) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
        let mut r = self.0.subscribe();
        async move {
            let _ = r.recv().await;
        }
    }
    pub fn fire(&self) {
        let _ = self.0.send(());
    }
 }
 impl Globals {
    pub fn load(
        globals: Arc<dyn Tree>,
@ -168,6 +195,7 @@ impl Globals {
            bad_signature_ratelimiter: Arc::new(RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new())),
            servername_ratelimiter: Arc::new(RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new())),
            sync_receivers: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
            rotate: RotationHandler::new(),
        };
        fs::create_dir_all(s.get_media_folder())?;
--- a/src/database/pusher.rs
+++ b/src/database/pusher.rs
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl PushData {
    pub fn get_pusher_senderkeys<'a>(
        &'a self,
        sender: &UserId,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Box<[u8]>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>> + 'a {
        let mut prefix = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
        prefix.push(0xff);
--- a/src/database/rooms.rs
+++ b/src/database/rooms.rs
@ -1078,13 +1078,13 @@ impl Rooms {
                .scan_prefix(old_shortstatehash.clone())
                // Chop the old_shortstatehash out leaving behind the short state key
                .map(|(k, v)| (k[old_shortstatehash.len()..].to_vec(), v))
-                .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Box<[u8]>>>()
+                .collect::<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>()
        } else {
            HashMap::new()
        };
        if let Some(state_key) = &new_pdu.state_key {
-            let mut new_state: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Box<[u8]>> = old_state;
+            let mut new_state: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>> = old_state;
            let mut new_state_key = new_pdu.kind.as_ref().as_bytes().to_vec();
            new_state_key.push(0xff);
@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ impl Rooms {
        &'a self,
        user_id: &UserId,
        room_id: &RoomId,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Box<[u8]>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
        self.pdus_since(user_id, room_id, 0)
    }
@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ impl Rooms {
        user_id: &UserId,
        room_id: &RoomId,
        since: u64,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Box<[u8]>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
        let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
        prefix.push(0xff);
@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ impl Rooms {
        user_id: &UserId,
        room_id: &RoomId,
        until: u64,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Box<[u8]>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
        // Create the first part of the full pdu id
        let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
        prefix.push(0xff);
@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ impl Rooms {
        user_id: &UserId,
        room_id: &RoomId,
        from: u64,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Box<[u8]>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, PduEvent)>> + 'a {
        // Create the first part of the full pdu id
        let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
        prefix.push(0xff);
--- a/src/database/sending.rs
+++ b/src/database/sending.rs
@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ use ruma::{
    receipt::ReceiptType,
    MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch, ServerName, UInt, UserId,
 };
-use tokio::{select, sync::Semaphore};
+use tokio::{
    select,
    sync::{RwLock, Semaphore},
 };
 use super::abstraction::Tree;
@ -90,7 +93,11 @@ enum TransactionStatus {
 }
 impl Sending {
-    pub fn start_handler(&self, db: Arc<Database>, mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Vec<u8>>) {
+    pub fn start_handler(
        &self,
        db: Arc<RwLock<Database>>,
        mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Vec<u8>>,
    ) {
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut futures = FuturesUnordered::new();
@ -98,8 +105,12 @@ impl Sending {
            // Retry requests we could not finish yet
            let mut initial_transactions = HashMap::<OutgoingKind, Vec<SendingEventType>>::new();
            let guard = db.read().await;
            for (key, outgoing_kind, event) in
-                db.sending
+                guard
                    .sending
                    .servercurrentevents
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|(key, _)| {
@ -117,17 +128,23 @@ impl Sending {
                        "Dropping some current events: {:?} {:?} {:?}",
                        key, outgoing_kind, event
                    );
-                    db.sending.servercurrentevents.remove(&key).unwrap();
+                    guard.sending.servercurrentevents.remove(&key).unwrap();
                    continue;
                }
                entry.push(event);
            }
            drop(guard);
            for (outgoing_kind, events) in initial_transactions {
                current_transaction_status
                    .insert(outgoing_kind.get_prefix(), TransactionStatus::Running);
-                futures.push(Self::handle_events(outgoing_kind.clone(), events, &db));
+                futures.push(Self::handle_events(
                    outgoing_kind.clone(),
                    events,
                    Arc::clone(&db),
                ));
            }
            loop {
@ -135,15 +152,17 @@ impl Sending {
                    Some(response) = futures.next() => {
                        match response {
                            Ok(outgoing_kind) => {
                                let guard = db.read().await;
                                let prefix = outgoing_kind.get_prefix();
-                                for (key, _) in db.sending.servercurrentevents
+                                for (key, _) in guard.sending.servercurrentevents
                                    .scan_prefix(prefix.clone())
                                {
-                                    db.sending.servercurrentevents.remove(&key).unwrap();
+                                    guard.sending.servercurrentevents.remove(&key).unwrap();
                                }
                                // Find events that have been added since starting the last request
-                                let new_events = db.sending.servernamepduids
+                                let new_events = guard.sending.servernamepduids
                                    .scan_prefix(prefix.clone())
                                    .map(|(k, _)| {
                                        SendingEventType::Pdu(k[prefix.len()..].to_vec())
@ -161,17 +180,19 @@ impl Sending {
                                            SendingEventType::Pdu(b) |
                                            SendingEventType::Edu(b) => {
                                                current_key.extend_from_slice(&b);
-                                                db.sending.servercurrentevents.insert(&current_key, &[]).unwrap();
+                                                guard.sending.servercurrentevents.insert(&current_key, &[]).unwrap();
-                                                db.sending.servernamepduids.remove(&current_key).unwrap();
+                                                guard.sending.servernamepduids.remove(&current_key).unwrap();
                                             }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    drop(guard);
                                    futures.push(
                                        Self::handle_events(
                                            outgoing_kind.clone(),
                                            new_events,
-                                            &db,
+                                            Arc::clone(&db),
                                        )
                                    );
                                } else {
@ -192,13 +213,15 @@ impl Sending {
                    },
                    Some(key) = receiver.next() => {
                        if let Ok((outgoing_kind, event)) = Self::parse_servercurrentevent(&key) {
                            let guard = db.read().await;
                            if let Ok(Some(events)) = Self::select_events(
                                &outgoing_kind,
                                vec![(event, key)],
                                &mut current_transaction_status,
-                                &db
+                                &guard
                            ) {
-                                futures.push(Self::handle_events(outgoing_kind, events, &db));
+                                futures.push(Self::handle_events(outgoing_kind, events, Arc::clone(&db)));
                            }
                        }
                    }
@ -357,7 +380,7 @@ impl Sending {
    }
    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-    pub fn send_push_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], senderkey: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn send_push_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], senderkey: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
        let mut key = b"$".to_vec();
        key.extend_from_slice(&senderkey);
        key.push(0xff);
@ -403,8 +426,10 @@ impl Sending {
    async fn handle_events(
        kind: OutgoingKind,
        events: Vec<SendingEventType>,
-        db: &Database,
+        db: Arc<RwLock<Database>>,
    ) -> std::result::Result<OutgoingKind, (OutgoingKind, Error)> {
        let db = db.read().await;
        match &kind {
            OutgoingKind::Appservice(server) => {
                let mut pdu_jsons = Vec::new();
@ -543,7 +568,7 @@ impl Sending {
                        &pusher,
                        rules_for_user,
                        &pdu,
-                        db,
+                        &db,
                    )
                    .await
                    .map(|_response| kind.clone())
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ pub enum Error {
        #[from]
        source: rocksdb::Error,
    },
    #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
    #[error("There was a problem with the connection to the sqlite database: {source}")]
    SqliteError {
        #[from]
        source: rusqlite::Error,
    },
    #[error("Could not generate an image.")]
    ImageError {
        #[from]
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ use rocket::{
    },
    routes, Request,
 };
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tracing::span;
 use tracing_subscriber::{prelude::*, Registry};
-fn setup_rocket(config: Figment, data: Arc<Database>) -> rocket::Rocket<rocket::Build> {
+fn setup_rocket(config: Figment, data: Arc<RwLock<Database>>) -> rocket::Rocket<rocket::Build> {
    rocket::custom(config)
        .manage(data)
        .mount(
@ -193,13 +194,14 @@ async fn main() {
            )
            .merge(Env::prefixed("CONDUIT_").global());
    std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", "warn");
    let config = raw_config
        .extract::<Config>()
        .expect("It looks like your config is invalid. Please take a look at the error");
-    let db = Database::load_or_create(config.clone())
+    let mut _span: Option<span::Span> = None;
-        .await
+    let mut _enter: Option<span::Entered<'_>> = None;
        .expect("config is valid");
    if config.allow_jaeger {
        let (tracer, _uninstall) = opentelemetry_jaeger::new_pipeline()
@ -209,18 +211,21 @@ async fn main() {
        let telemetry = tracing_opentelemetry::layer().with_tracer(tracer);
        Registry::default().with(telemetry).try_init().unwrap();
-        let root = span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "app_start", work_units = 2);
+        _span = Some(span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "app_start", work_units = 2));
-        let _enter = root.enter();
+        _enter = Some(_span.as_ref().unwrap().enter());
        let rocket = setup_rocket(raw_config, db);
        rocket.launch().await.unwrap();
    } else {
-        std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", config.log);
+        std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", &config.log);
        tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
        let rocket = setup_rocket(raw_config, db);
        rocket.launch().await.unwrap();
    }
    config.warn_deprecated();
    let db = Database::load_or_create(config)
        .await
        .expect("config is valid");
    let rocket = setup_rocket(raw_config, db);
    rocket.launch().await.unwrap();
 }
 #[catch(404)]
--- a/src/ruma_wrapper.rs
+++ b/src/ruma_wrapper.rs
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::Error;
+use crate::{database::DatabaseGuard, Error};
 use ruma::{
    api::{client::r0::uiaa::UiaaResponse, OutgoingResponse},
    identifiers::{DeviceId, UserId},
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 #[cfg(feature = "conduit_bin")]
 use {
-    crate::{server_server, Database},
+    crate::server_server,
    log::{debug, warn},
    rocket::{
        data::{self, ByteUnit, Data, FromData},
@ -17,13 +17,12 @@ use {
        outcome::Outcome::*,
        response::{self, Responder},
        tokio::io::AsyncReadExt,
-        Request, State,
+        Request,
    },
    ruma::api::{AuthScheme, IncomingRequest},
    std::collections::BTreeMap,
    std::convert::TryFrom,
    std::io::Cursor,
    std::sync::Arc,
 };
 /// This struct converts rocket requests into ruma structs by converting them into http requests
@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ where
    async fn from_data(request: &'a Request<'_>, data: Data) -> data::Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
        let metadata = T::Incoming::METADATA;
        let db = request
-            .guard::<State<'_, Arc<Database>>>()
+            .guard::<DatabaseGuard>()
            .await
            .expect("database was loaded");
--- a/src/server_server.rs
+++ b/src/server_server.rs
@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use crate::{
    client_server::{self, claim_keys_helper, get_keys_helper},
    database::DatabaseGuard,
    utils, ConduitResult, Database, Error, PduEvent, Result, Ruma,
 };
 use get_profile_information::v1::ProfileField;
 use http::header::{HeaderValue, AUTHORIZATION, HOST};
 use log::{debug, error, info, trace, warn};
 use regex::Regex;
-use rocket::{response::content::Json, State};
+use rocket::response::content::Json;
 use ruma::{
    api::{
        client::error::{Error as RumaError, ErrorKind},
@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ pub async fn request_well_known(
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "conduit_bin", get("/_matrix/federation/v1/version"))]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db))]
 pub fn get_server_version_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_server_version::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
        return Err(Error::bad_config("Federation is disabled."));
@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ pub fn get_server_version_route(
 // Response type for this endpoint is Json because we need to calculate a signature for the response
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "conduit_bin", get("/_matrix/key/v2/server"))]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db))]
-pub fn get_server_keys_route(db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>) -> Json<String> {
+pub fn get_server_keys_route(db: DatabaseGuard) -> Json<String> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
        // TODO: Use proper types
        return Json("Federation is disabled.".to_owned());
@ -497,7 +498,7 @@ pub fn get_server_keys_route(db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>) -> Json<String> {
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "conduit_bin", get("/_matrix/key/v2/server/<_>"))]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db))]
-pub fn get_server_keys_deprecated_route(db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>) -> Json<String> {
+pub fn get_server_keys_deprecated_route(db: DatabaseGuard) -> Json<String> {
    get_server_keys_route(db)
 }
@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ pub fn get_server_keys_deprecated_route(db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>) -> Json<St
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_public_rooms_filtered::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_public_rooms_filtered::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -551,7 +552,7 @@ pub async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn get_public_rooms_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_public_rooms::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_public_rooms::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -595,7 +596,7 @@ pub async fn get_public_rooms_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn send_transaction_message_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<send_transaction_message::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<send_transaction_message::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -774,6 +775,8 @@ pub async fn send_transaction_message_route(
        }
    }
    db.flush().await?;
    Ok(send_transaction_message::v1::Response { pdus: resolved_map }.into())
 }
@ -1673,7 +1676,7 @@ pub(crate) fn append_incoming_pdu(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_event::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_event::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -1698,7 +1701,7 @@ pub fn get_event_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_missing_events_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_missing_events::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_missing_events::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -1747,7 +1750,7 @@ pub fn get_missing_events_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_event_authorization_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_event_authorization::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_event_authorization::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -1791,7 +1794,7 @@ pub fn get_event_authorization_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_room_state_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_state::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_state::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -1854,7 +1857,7 @@ pub fn get_room_state_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_room_state_ids_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_state_ids::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_state_ids::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -1906,7 +1909,7 @@ pub fn get_room_state_ids_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn create_join_event_template_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_join_event_template::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_join_event_template::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2075,7 +2078,7 @@ pub fn create_join_event_template_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_join_event_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_join_event::v2::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_join_event::v2::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2160,6 +2163,8 @@ pub async fn create_join_event_route(
        db.sending.send_pdu(&server, &pdu_id)?;
    }
    db.flush().await?;
    Ok(create_join_event::v2::Response {
        room_state: RoomState {
            auth_chain: auth_chain_ids
@ -2183,7 +2188,7 @@ pub async fn create_join_event_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn create_invite_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<create_invite::v2::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<create_invite::v2::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2276,6 +2281,8 @@ pub async fn create_invite_route(
        )?;
    }
    db.flush().await?;
    Ok(create_invite::v2::Response {
        event: PduEvent::convert_to_outgoing_federation_event(signed_event),
    }
@ -2288,7 +2295,7 @@ pub async fn create_invite_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_devices_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_devices::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_devices::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2328,7 +2335,7 @@ pub fn get_devices_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_room_information_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_room_information::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_room_information::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2356,7 +2363,7 @@ pub fn get_room_information_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub fn get_profile_information_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_profile_information::v1::Request<'_>>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_profile_information::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2389,8 +2396,8 @@ pub fn get_profile_information_route(
    post("/_matrix/federation/v1/user/keys/query", data = "<body>")
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
-pub fn get_keys_route(
+pub async fn get_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<get_keys::v1::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<get_keys::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {
@ -2404,6 +2411,8 @@ pub fn get_keys_route(
        &db,
    )?;
    db.flush().await?;
    Ok(get_keys::v1::Response {
        device_keys: result.device_keys,
        master_keys: result.master_keys,
@ -2418,7 +2427,7 @@ pub fn get_keys_route(
 )]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(db, body))]
 pub async fn claim_keys_route(
-    db: State<'_, Arc<Database>>,
+    db: DatabaseGuard,
    body: Ruma<claim_keys::v1::Request>,
 ) -> ConduitResult<claim_keys::v1::Response> {
    if !db.globals.allow_federation() {